Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It frequently develops in individuals with chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, or cirrhosis.
The most likely diagnosis is advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) arising in the background of chronic hepatitis B infection, with features of portal hypertension and decompensated chronic liver disease. The presence of jaundice, ascites, progressive weight loss, and recurrent haematemesis suggests advanced disease (likely BCLC Stage C) requiring urgent specialist care.
𝗜𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 🚑
The immediate priority is ABC resuscitation and haemodynamic stabilization, including oxygen therapy, intravenous access, fluid and blood product resuscitation as indicated, correction of coagulopathy, and prompt control of upper gastrointestinal bleeding before definitive treatment.
𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗘𝘃𝗮𝗹𝘂𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 🔬
Following stabilization, essential investigations include full blood count, liver and renal function tests, coagulation profile, AFP, hepatitis B viral assessment, abdominal ultrasound, and contrast-enhanced CT or MRI for diagnosis and staging.
𝗗𝗲𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 🏥
Management requires a multidisciplinary approach and may include surgical resection, liver transplantation, local ablative therapies, TACE, systemic targeted therapy or immunotherapy, alongside supportive management of complications. Appropriate antiviral therapy for hepatitis B should also be initiated or optimized.
𝗖𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝘁𝗼 𝗔𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 🌍
Early recognition, prompt referral, and coordinated multidisciplinary care can significantly improve outcomes. At 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗥𝗼𝗼𝗺 𝗚𝗹𝗼𝗯𝗮𝗹 (𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗚), we remain committed to advancing surgical education, promoting evidence-based practice, and empowering operating room professionals worldwide through continuous learning and knowledge sharing.
𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐎𝐮𝐫 𝐆𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲! 🌐
The Operating Room Global (TORG)
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑁𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑂𝑛𝑒 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒!
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